Plenary Session 3 – From Interdependence to Vulnerability: The Economic Security–National Security Nexus

This panel will examine how economic interdependence is increasingly viewed through the lens of national security as governments expand export controls, investment screening, industrial subsidies, and restrictions involving critical technologies and infrastructure. Panelists will assess supply chain resilience and strategic dependencies, the growing politicization of trade and technology, and the competing approaches of decoupling and de-risking. The discussion will also consider how states can strengthen economic resilience without accelerating protectionism, fragmenting the global economy, or further weakening the multilateral trading system.